SECTION F: FUNDAMENTALS OF WRITING

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1. Sufficient cause is a term that refers to

a cause that may be present in an event.
a cause that must be present in an event.
the causes that, in combination, will produce an event.

2. When we summarize a passage, it is essential to

include all illustrations and examples.
exclude all illustrations and examples.
exclude all illustrations and examples unless one is integral to the passage's claim.

3. When we summarize a passage, we should

read the passage, put it away, then write the summary from memory.
make a sequential list that includes the key claim or claims of each paragraph and any supporting material essential to that claim or those claims.
figure out the main point, write it down, and include elements of our own experience supporting that point.

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4. When we read critically, our intention is to

be sure we understand the main point of a passage.
understand the writer's assumptions.
understand the main point and the reliability of the writer's support of that point.

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5. The pre-writing activity known as topic analysis involves

deciding how to pick a topic from the many choices we get.
using a set list of questions to generate details and knowledge about the topic we have selected.
breaking a topic into separate parts.

6. Mind-mapping is a pre-writing activity that

lists the experiences that formed our associations with a subject.
begins by writing the topic in the centre of a sheet of paper and circling it before listing ideas associated with the topic.
asks you to list your associations with a topic on separate pages and illustrate the associations underneath the topic.

7. When we outline, we

list main and supporting ideas for our paper in a set structure so we have an overview of that paper.
use key words to list, in order, the subjects we want to address in a paper.
create a map of our paper using circles for each key concept.

8. The term stance refers to

the attitude a writer has to her subject.
the way a writer wants his audience to receive him.
the way a writer feels about a subject combined with the way the writer wants to be seen by her audience.

9. If you want to be sure you understand the purpose of your writing assignment, the best thing to do is to

ask a friend in the same class what he is doing.
make a rough summary of your approach and ask your instructor for feedback.
underline the nouns in the assignment to determine what your subject is.

10. When we freewrite, we

set a fixed time limit and write continuously about our subject without consciously thinking about what we are saying.
we write for three minutes on one subject, then three minutes on another, and so on.
we list associations on a subject then write for two minutes on each association.

11. If we are asked to write about an historic event, the best pre-writing activity to begin with would be

freewriting.
the Pentad.
the topics.

12. An immediate cause is one that

is closest in time to the resulting event.
is always attached to a necessary cause.
is enough by itself to precipitate an event.

13. In editing, when we conduct a Structure Sweep, we

focus exclusively on our beginning and ending and their contribution to the paper.
focus on the way individual paragraphs and the sequence of these paragraphs advance the purpose of our paper.
assess the adequacy of our illustrations and proofs in each individual paragraph.

14. Writing is a ___________ process.

recursive
three step
research

15. A writer's stance is composed of her tone and her ___________.

purpose
voice
subject

16. An outline must include the essay's topics and ___________ for those topics.

illustrations
supporting ideas
examples

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17. A quick way to start developing a topic, jotting down ideas about that topic, is called

freewriting
the Pentad
brainstorming

18. In the Pentad, the means by which an actor event is accomplished is called the

agent
scene
agency

19. When, as part of reading critically, we take an overall look at a book or an article by checking its parts, we are ___________ it.

skimming
previewing
scanning

20. A generalization based on two or more facts is called a(n) ___________.

refutation
inference
warrant

21.A cause that is distant in time from an event is called a(n) ___________ cause.

remote
intermediate
general

 

22. A cause that is connected to an event but doesn't have to be present for the event to happen is called a ___________ cause.

necessary
contributory
sufficient

23. A summary should be approximately ___________ shorter than the passage being summarized.

25%
50%
75%

24. When we write, we separate our work into three separate processes -- prewriting, writing, and editing

true
false

25. Before starting a writing assignment, we should understand our audience, our position, our purpose, our general structure for the assignment, and what we may need to find out before starting to write.

true
false

26. The Pentad is a prewriting activity that guides us to list everything we know about an act and the agency behind the act.

true
false

27. The term "ratios" is part of the prewriting activity called the Pentad and refers to the ten possible pairings we can make of the five key terms.

true
false

28. When we use the mind-mapping activity, we begin breaking our subject into different parts and then listing all the details we know about each fact.

true
false

29. Skimming is a critical reading activity where you read a passage quickly by focusing on its initial sentence or sentences, then simply noting important phrases or terms in the rest of the passage.

true
false

30. Marginal notation is a device used in critical reading that lets you paraphrase a passage.

true
false

31. In "Sweeps" editing, we concentrate on one aspect of what we have written in each successive edit.

true
false

32. If we are trying to present the views of three separate writers, the best critical thinking skill to employ is analysis.

true
false

33. When we evaluate something, we demonstrate, through concrete criteria, what value it has. The strength of an evaluation lies in the comprehensiveness of its criteria.

true
false

34. A good summary of a passage should reduce its length by 20%.

true
false

35. A necessary cause is one that may be present in an event.

true
false